Category: Art History Review: Early Russian Icons: A Comprehensive Guide to the Subjects, Techniques, and Styles of Icon Painting from the Eleventh Century to the End of the Sixteenth Century Introduction Early Russian icons are a testament to the rich cultural heritage of Russia. These religious paintings were created during the period when Christianity was being introduced into Russia by Orthodox missionaries. The iconography of these early Russian icons is heavily influenced by Greek and Byzantine art, as well as Italian Renaissance painting. This guide provides an in-depth look at the subjects, techniques, and styles used in early Russian icon painting. Subjects of Early Russian Icons The subjects of early Russian icons were primarily religious figures such as Jesus Christ, Mary, saints, and angels. These icons were created to serve as a means of worship and devotion for the Orthodox Christian population. The most common subject in early Russian icon painting was the Virgin Mary, who was revered as the mother of God and an intercessor between humans and God. Other popular subjects included Jesus Christ, St. Nicholas, St. John the Baptist, and various saints such as Saint Peter and Saint Paul. Techniques Used in Early Russian Icon Painting Early Russian icon painting was characterized by its use of flat space, two-dimensionality, and stylized figures. The icons were painted on wood panels using egg tempera, a technique that involved mixing pigments with egg yolk to create a transparent paint. This allowed the colors to be layered over each other to achieve greater depth and richness. The iconography of early Russian icons was heavily influenced by Greek and Byzantine art. The figures in these icons were depicted as idealized, stylized representations of reality rather than realistic portrayals. This was achieved through the use of specific poses, facial expressions, and clothing styles that were associated with particular religious figures. Styles Used in Early Russian Icon Painting There are several distinct styles used in early Russian icon painting. The most common style is known as Byzantine-Russian style, which was heavily influenced by Greek and Byzantine art. This style features stylized figures, flat space, and two-dimensionality. Another style is known as the Moscow school of icon painting, which emerged during the sixteenth century and featured more realistic depictions of figures and greater use of perspective. Conclusion Early Russian icons are an important part of Russia's cultural heritage. These religious paintings were created to serve as a means of worship and devotion for the Orthodox Christian population. The subjects, techniques, and styles used in early Russian icon painting reflect the influence of Greek and Byzantine art, as well as Italian Renaissance painting.